“S+W+死+O”句式使动与自动语义探源

On the Causative and Autonomous Semantic Origin of Construction "S+W+Si+O"

句式"S+W+死+O"是一个独立的多义性句式,是使动义句式"S+W+死1+O"和自动义句式"S+W+死2+O"的集合体。其中的程度补语"死"虽然都由结果补语虚化而来,但"死1""死2"的虚化途径和虚化程度都不同。因此,与"死"相连的W在词语的选择限制上也既有联系又有区别。使动义句式和自动义句式在共时状态下表现出的纷繁复杂的现象从根本上说是它们在历时演变中的显现,是语法化机制和人类认知机制共同作用的结果。

The construction 'S+W+Si+O' is an independent construction with multiple meanings.It is a collection of both causative structure 'S+W+Si1+O'and autonomous structure 'S+W+Si2+O'.Although the degree complement 'Si' was derived from resultative complement,'Si1' and 'Si2' have different paths and degree during the grammaticalization.As a result,'W',in relation to 'Si',differs in the restriction of word choices.In a word,the complicated phenomena showed by causative structure and autonomous structure in synchronic description is fundamentally an appearance of their diachronic evolution.Grammaticalization and human cognition respectively contribute to this change.