财政供给与国家政权建设——广州市基层市场管理机构研究(1949-1978)

Revenue Supply and State-building:A Study on the Grassroot Market Regulative Organization in Guangzhou,1949-1978

本文回顾了1949-1978年期间广州市基层市场管理机构的历史演变。通过档案分析发现,财政供给对于新政权的国家建设产生了重要的影响:这时期,国家并未解决基层国家机构和人员的财政供给问题以及由此带来的基层政权的监控问题。一方面,由于财政经费的缺乏,国家规定基层市场管理机构从其收费和罚没收入中开支,导致了乱收费和人员非正规化的产生。1978年后基层市管机构的乱收费问题并非是与1978年前的断裂,相反,它们正是这个时期的体制遗产;另一方面,同样面对国家政权建设过程中的财政经费不足问题,这时期的国家政权建设求诉于市场管理的群众路线等方式,在一定程度上抑制了财政供给不足可能带来的国家基层机构的逐利导向,是这时期国家政权建设的独特经验。

This article traces back the change of the grass-root market regulative organ from 1949 to 1978 in Guang Zhou city.In the case study,the state fell short of fiscal revenue to finance the grass-root market regulation organ.The self-supply funding sytem hindered the formalization of this organ and rendered it to pursue revenue increase,which led to the arbitrary charges of the market management fee and distorted the function of it.The problem of arbitrary charges after 1980 is just the institutional legacy of the funding system in the Mao's period.Meanwhile,the state in the Mao's period resort to the mass line to deal with the problem of shortage of revenue to finance the grass-root organ,which to some extend prevented the profit-seeking behavior brought by the funding system.This is a unique experience of state-building in the Mao's period.