元代科举考试时断时续的文化解释

Cultural Explanation on Intermitent of the Imperial Examination in Yuan Dynasty

元朝是中国历史上蒙古族建立的一个大一统王朝。在文化价值取向上,元朝统治者崇佛重儒,使蒙汉文化从冲突走向综合。国子学的多元性、书院的官学化、科举的时断时续构成了蒙元时期高等教育的主要特点。元代科举考试的显著特点是举棋不定、时断时续,其深层原因是蒙汉这两种异质文化的综合必然经历从冲突到融合的过程;元代科举考试确实存在不公平的民族歧视倾向,但这主要是基于蒙古人承认差异、区别对待的权力民族配额制度的需要;至于元代科举内容和标准走向僵化,这是因为蒙古人对儒家文化的理解不同,从一个方面反映出蒙古传统文化简约、务实的特点。

Yuan Dynasty was the first nationwide regime of China set up by the Mongols.During this period,nomadic culture of the Mongols and agro-farming of the Han nationality experienced a cultural evolution from conflict to mergence.'The pluralism of the Imperial college','the classical learning academy's bureaucratization','Intermittent Imperial Examination' are the main features of higher education of the Mongolian-Yuan dynasty.Hesitation and intermittence are the outstanding characteristics of Imperial Examination in Yuan Dynasty.The major reason is that integration between Mongol-Han,the two different class of culture,need a long process for harmonization.There was unfair discrimination existed,but it met the needs of Mongolian's power-ration system among ethnic groups based on the difference-acception and respective treatment.As to the rigid way of content and standard in Imperial Examination,it was the result from the different understanding of Confucianism by Mongolian,which also reflected the concision and pragmatist feature of Mongolian traditional culture.