试说费孝通的历史功能论

Historical Functional Theory of Fei Xiaotong

在民族学、社会学研究中,功能论的重点在于把文化视为一个整体。然而在西方功能论者的观念中,这一整体是平面的。费孝通先生认为应把它转换为垂直的,即加入历史的因素。经过费孝通先生这一转化并融入中国文化的洗礼,功能论在包容度和诠释力方面同时得到了增厚与加强,成为“历史功能论”。另外,他通过“文化自觉”提出的“和而不同”观点,也已成为解决当今世界纷扰的重要方法。

In the study of ethnology and sociology,the key of the theory of function is to take culture as a whole.While in the view of western functionalists,the integer is planar.Mr.Fei Xiaotong thought that it should be changed into vertical,i.e.the historical factors should be added into consideration.With the ablution of Chinese culture and Fei Xiaotong's transformation,the functional theory was enhanced and enriched and,the historical functional theory was finally come into being.In addition,the theory of unity with diversity through cultural self-consciousness he put forward has become an important method to solve the nowadays' confusion in the world.