试论史诗《道里精海巴图尔》的宗教文化特征

On the Religious and Cultural Characteristics of the Epic Doljinghai

蒙古史诗是蒙古先民们创造的古老艺术,体现的是蒙古族古老的萨满教意识,是蒙古族先民原始生存斗争的风俗画和他们原始思维方式及行为方式的重塑。在史诗中,宗教话语的交替和替换,源自史诗传播的时代性特点。史诗叙事语言的变化,是史诗适应时代语境,并获得生命力和传承的一种策略或自我调适过程。史诗尽管世代相传,其叙事语言会有很大变化,但构成史诗基本框架的英雄行为及其与生活环境和神的关系,是其相对稳定的部分。因此分析英雄行为同英雄生活环境的关系,分析英雄行为同神的实质关系,分析英雄行为和叙事语言的矛盾,理应成为梳理史诗文化积层的基本方法。

Mongolian epic is a kind of classic art created by the forefather of the Mongolian people.It represents the ancient Shamanic consciousness of the Mongolians.It is a picture of the custom of Mongolian ancient people fighting for life in the primary condition,it is also the reconstruction of their primary way of thinking and behaving.The alternation of the religious words in the epic was because of the spreading in different time.The change of the words in the epic is for the fact that the epic must adapt the context of the time and in the time it must get vitality.Although there must be some change of words,the basic framework of the hero's action and the living condition together with the relation between the hero and the god were relatively stable.Therefore,analyzing the relationship between the action of the hero and their living condition,analyzing the relationship between the action of the hero and the god and,analyzing the action of the conflict between hero and the narrative language should be the basic method of tidying up the culture of the epic.