英汉诗歌翻译中的文化因素

Cultural factors in translation of Chinese and English poetry

诗歌是人类历史进程中精美的心理产物 ,同时又蕴藏着丰富的深层文化信息 ,是研究人类文化历史不可缺少的素材。诗歌翻译是不同民族间深层次文化交流的一个重要组成部分。但是从翻译学的角度来看 ,诗又是可译性最小的文学形式。译诗难 ,这已是译诗者的共识。本文从语言学、翻译学和文化学等角度探讨英汉诗歌翻译过程中文化因素的重要作用 ,并根据一些中外诗歌译者的理论与实践 ,归纳并总结出若干有关文化因素转化和变通的方法。

Poetry is a most refined product of the human mind in its historical development. At the same time, it is rich with deep level cultural information, and is an indispensable part for the study of human culture and history. However, in the light of translation studies, poetry has the least translatability. It is agreed among translators that poetry translation is a very difficult task. The present paper discusses, from the perspectives of linguistics, translation and cultural studies, the important function of cultural factors in translation of Chinese and English poetry, and the various ways of solving these difficulties through transformation and adaptation.