日本和德国法上的再交涉义务及对我国合同法的启示

The Obligation of Renegotiation on Japanese and Germany Law and Its Inspiration on China's Contract Law

日本和德国学者均把再交涉义务定位为诉讼上行使合同变更请求权和解除请求权之前必须要历经完成的程序性的步骤,是以促进当事人的自主交涉为目的的行为规范。在解释论上,我国合同法再交涉义务的理论构成应为:再交涉义务的适用范围主要是在情事变更的场合;情事变更原则有双重法律效果,第一重效果为再交涉义务的履行,第二重效果为合同变更或者合同解除;再交涉义务在第一层次上,是以促进和保障当事人的自主交涉为目的的行为规范,只有在违反该义务时,才在第二层次上作为裁判规范实现法律的惩罚功能,表现为诉讼上的合同变更、合同解除及损害赔偿等;在再交涉义务中,应该更加重视请求再交涉的义务。

The article studied the obligation of the renegotiation on Japanese and Germany law and its inspiration on China's Contract Law.It came to the follow conclusions.First,the obligation of renegotiation mainly applies to the case of situation changing.Second,the principle of situation changing has two law effects:the performance of the obligation of renegotiation and the revision of contract or the cancellation of contract.Third,the obligation of renegotiation is the normal act that promotes and indemnifies the voluntary renegotiation of the parties in the first layer of meaning,which moves to the second layer that represents the revision,the cancellation and the damages of the contract in action only when the obligation is violated to realize the punitive function of the law as the norm of judgment.At last,we should attach more importance to the request for renegotiation on the obligation of renegotiation.