4种樟属植物鲜叶精油成分分析

Analysis of Fresh Leaf Essential Oil of 4 Plants Belonging to Cinnamomum

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对樟属(Cinnamomum)的樟(C.camphora)、阳春樟(C.purpureum)、肉桂(C.cassia)和阴香(C.burmannii)4种植物鲜叶的精油进行提取,并采用色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术(GC-MS-DS)对精油样品进行分离和鉴定。共鉴定出111种成分:樟鉴定出44种成分,其主要成分是吉马酮(27.95%)、橙花叔醇(18.94%)和芳樟醇(16.36%),特有成分有26种,占其精油成分的42.54%;阳春樟鉴定出40种成分,其主要成分是芳樟醇(33.76%)和苯甲酸苄酯(24.54%),特有成分有21种,占其精油成分的31.19%;肉桂鉴定出30种成分,其主要成分是肉桂醛(62.72%)和香豆素(12.50%),特有成分有15种,占其精油成分的71.50%;阴香鉴定出38种成分,其主要成分是龙脑(40.90%)和1,8-桉叶油素(10.42%),特有成分有17种,占其精油成分的19.86%。4种樟属植物精油中均出现的成分是芳樟醇、橙花叔醇、龙脑和反式石竹烯,表明4种樟属植物精油相同成分较少,种间精油成分差异较大,各植物特有精油成分突出。因此,可根据植物特有精油来鉴别这4种植物,也可为化工产业选择植物和植物器官提取精油提供参考。

This paper utilized steam distillation to extract essential oil from those fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora, C.camphora,C.cassia and C.burmannii belonging to Cinnamomum.It used GC-MS-DS to dissociate and identify four examples es-sential oil,it identified 111 elements.44 elements had been identified from C.camphora.The main element of C.camphora were ger-macrone(27.95%), nerolidol ( 18.94%) and linalool ( 16.36%).There were 26 endemic elements which being 42.54% of C.camphora essential oil.40 elements had been identified from C.camphora.The main element of C.camphora were linalool (33.76%) and benzyl benzoate (24.54%).There were 21 endemic elements which being 31.19%of C.camphora essential oil.30 elements had been identified from C.cassia.The main element of C.cassia were 3-phenyl ( 62.72%) and coumarin ( 12.50%).There were 15 endemic elements which being 71.50% of C.cassia essential oil.38 elements had been identified from C.burmannii.The main element of C.burmannii were l-borneol (40.90%) and 1,8-cineole (10.42%).There were 17 endemic el-ements which being 19.86% of C.burmannii essential oil.The common elements of the 4 plants were linalool,nerolidol,l-borneol and trans-caryophyllene.The result showed that the common essential oil of the 4 plants was less and the difference of essential oil elements was quiet large.The endemic essential oil of the 4 plants was outstanding.Therefore,endemic essential oil could be used to identify these four plants.It could provide basis for selecting plants and organs for chemical industry.