北京市西城区高血压患者自我管理干预前后知信行分析

Study on the knowledge,attitude and behavior of hypertensive patients with self management intervention in Xicheng district of Beijing

目的研究社区高血压患者进行自我管理干预前后的认知、态度、行为及自我效能的变化。方法采用调查问卷的方法,对415例社区高血压自我管理小组的成员进行自我管理前后的认知、态度、行为及自我效能改变的调查。结果经自我管理干预后,415例患者对高血压的诊断标准、高血压相关危险因素、高血压是否是终身疾病、自身血压情况、血压计正确使用方法及科学的服药方式6项的知晓率分别从干预前的64.82%(269例)、81.93%(340例)、84.10%(349例)、82.89%(344例)、57.35%(238例)和84.34%(350例)提高至83.61%(347例)、93.01%(386例)、93.73%(389例)、95.66%(397例)、82.41%(342例)、95.66%(397例),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);饮酒、不规律锻炼、饮食偏咸偏油、不经常食用蔬菜和水果、不注意控制情绪等不良生活习惯均有明显的降低和改善,分别从干预前的15.90%(66例)、26.75%(111例)、26.99%(112例)、73.49%(305例)、6.99%(29例)、20.96%(87例)和10.12%(42例)降低至10.60%(44例)、9.40%(39例)、9.88%(41例)、56.63%(235例)、1.93%(8例)、5.54%(23例)和1.69%(7例),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);采取其他克服病情影响方法的信心分值提高了1.28,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过高血压自我管理,患者对高血压的认知和自我效能有很大改善,对高血压的防治有一定帮助。

Objective To explore the change of knowledge,attitude,behavior,as well as self-efficacy brought by self-management among hypertensive residents in Xicheng district of Beijing. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 415 hypertensive residents in order to collect their information of changes brought by selfmanagement.SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze data. Results Six questions of hypertension were prepared to study if self-management has worked.The six questions were hypertension diagnosis standard,risk factors of hypertension,whether hypertension is a lifelong disease or not,personal blood pressure,scientific use of medicine,correct use of sphygmomanometer.The awareness rate of these knowledge before self-management was 64.82%(269/415),81.93%(340/415),84.10%(349/415),82.89%(344/415),57.35%(238/415)and 84.34%(350/415),respectively.After one year of self-management and intervention,the awareness rates of 6aspects related to hypertension have all seen an increase,rising to 83.61%(347/415), 93.01%(386/415),93.73%(389/41),95.66%(397/415),82.41%(342/415)and 95.66%(397/415), respectively.All differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Some bad habits were gradually got rid of among these residents.The rate of drinking,irregular exercise,salty and fatty diet,not much consumption of vegetables and fruit,ignorance of controlling the emotion was 15.90%(66/415),26.75%(111/415), 26.99%(112/415),73.49%(305/415),6.99%(29/415),20.96%(87/415)and 10.12%(42/415),respectively.After self-management,the number dropped to 10.60%(44/415),9.40%(39/415),9.88%(41/415),56.63%(235/415),1.93%(8/415),5.54%(23/415)and 1.69%(7/415),respectively.All differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The confidence score of using other methods to overcome the impact of hypertension was 1.28 higher than before,which was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions Through self-management of hypertension,there is a great improvement of patients' awareness and self-efficacy of hypertension,which has certain effect on the prevention and control of the disease.