空气炮实验中典型电雷管结构损伤特性研究

Structural damage characteristics of typical electric detonators in air gun tests

为利用空气炮进行火工品抗过载能力评价,考察子弹结构是否对过载环境形成影响,获得高过载下典型电雷管的结构损伤特性,进行了空气炮实验和数值模拟。针对桥丝式独角电雷管进行轴向输出端加载,对空气炮子弹结构进行设计。在子弹速度60 m/s的条件下,通过外观检查、尺寸检测、电阻测量、X射线透视仪内部结构无损检测等手段,研究了子弹动态碰撞钢靶板过程中雷管在子弹中放置位置和雷管后部有无自由移动垫块对雷管损伤的影响。结果表明:雷管损伤主要表现为电极塞内陷,药柱压缩,壳体局部变形、长度减小和直径增大。使用三种结构子弹进行实验得到的雷管尺寸和电阻变化差别较小,模拟得到的雷管尺寸变化曲线形状相似、数值相差较小。模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。雷管放置在子弹中部或后部以及雷管后部有无自由移动垫块对雷管损伤无显著影响。

In order to use an air gun to evaluate the anti-overload capacities of initiating explosive devices,investigate the influences of bullet structures on overload environments,obtain the structural damage characteristics of typical electric detonators under high overloads,air gun tests and numerical simulations are conducted. A one leg bridge wire electric detonator is loaded in the axial output direction,and the bullet structure of the air gun is designed. At the bullets' speed of 60 m / s,the influences of the detonator positions in the bullets and with or without a free moving filler block behind the detonators on the damages of the detonators during the processes of the bullets dynamic impact a steel target are researched by means of visual inspection,dimension and resistance measurement andinternal structure non-destructive detection of a X-ray perspective instrument. The results show that the damages include electrode plug moving inward,explosive column compression,shell local deformation,shell length decrease and shell diameter increase. The change values and rates of detonator dimensions and resistances have little difference in the tests of three kinds of bullets. The change curves of detonator dimensions have similar shapes and almost equal values in the simulation of the three kinds of bullets. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. The conditions that the detonator placed in the middle or bottom of the bullet and with or without a free moving filler block behind the detonator have no significant influence on the shock damages.