社会化养老:问题在哪里?

Social Support for the Elderly: Where Does the Crux Lie?

背景 近年来，中国的老年人问题研究多集中于老年人的经济上的“养”的问题，或者说是集中于老年人的经济保障问题。因为，在目前社会经济条件下，我国退休老年人的经济收入普遍并不充裕，绝大多数老年人生活在农村，他们在经济上基本上不能享受到社会保障。同时，我国老年人在经济上依靠子女保障的程度正趋于下降。因此，老年人的经济保障正在成为一个愈来愈重要和紧迫的问题。 我国正在经历快速的工业化、现代化的过程。随着人口的工业化从业比重的增加和家庭养老职能的弱化，以及子女一代迁移、流动性的增强，城市化步伐不断加快，市场经济的快速发展，都对发展和完善我国的社会化养老制度提出了新的课题。 发展社会化养老已经基本上成为学术界的共识。但是，如何发展，目前我国社会化养老的问题在哪里，如何制定切实可行的、具有中国特色的社会化养老体制？仍然是明显的问题。 同时，在养老方式的选择上，很多研究更关注于发扬和巩固传统的家庭养老方式，也有些研究专注于将社会化养老与家庭养老结合起来，但是如何实现这种结合，尚需深入探讨。社会化养老应如何发展已然构成我国养老方式的重要内容，需要从具体发展机制上子以深入的研究。

In recent years, research on the elderly issues in China has largely concentrated on the economic support or economic security. This has become an increasingly important and difficult problem with collapsing of the previous security system in the context of the market economy. The vast majority of the retired workers do not enjoy well-off pensions, and 80% the Chinese elderly live in rural areas where basically on social security systems exist. At the same time, the past decade has seen a declining trend in the extent to which the elderly depend on their children. Fertility decline and intensified migration and mobility of the younger generations associated with industrialization and modernization has brought new challenges to the traditional family support as well as to the social support in China. Currently there are at least four questions need to be addressed in social support. First, the weak economic base has determined insufficient resources for old support, Second, the social support system has been imperfect, especially the resources guaranteeing mechanisms , Third, there has been insufficient ways in which the social and family support are integrated; and Finally, the government has not assumed enough responsibilities. To deepen the discussion of the problem, 3 scholars are invited to write on this topic concerning various aspects of social support for the elderly in China.