晋、陕出土东夷系玉器的启示

On the Dongyi(Eastern Yi)Style Jades Found in Shanxi and Shaanxi

The major purpose of this paper is to make a discussion on four Dongyi style jade artifacts excavated from the areas of Shanxi and Shaanxi.They include one jade qi ax from Licheng,Shanxi as well as one large knife,one deity-ancestor figure and one cong tube from Lushanmao,Yan’an,Shannxi. In the past,some scholars,who studied the collections of non-archaeologically excavated antiquities,classified the Dongyi style jades as the remains of Shandong Longshan culture comparing with the inscribed decors on a jade gui tablet,which was unearthed from Liangchengzhen,Rizhao ,Shandong .The diagnostic elements of the Dongyi style include the figure of an eagle ,phoenix feathers,the figure of a long hair woman’s head with a hat and earrings,and abstractive mask decorated with cattle horns and a jie(介)shape crown. Since 1989,however,Dongyi style jades were archaeologically cxcavated from the Shijiahe Culture sites in the Hunan and Hubei provinces of the middle Yangtze River valley.Some scholars interpreted this as the representation of the southwestward movement of the Dongyi people reuslting from the split of the Dongyi tribes after their failure in the war at Zhuolu.Nowadays jades with a mixture of both Huaxia and Dongyi styles have been found in Shanxi and Shaanxi.It is even noteworthy that a cong tube was decorated with stylistic elements of three major ethnic groups-Huaxia,Dongyi and Miaoman.This phenomenonreflects clearly the intensive interactions among the ethnic groups in ancient China at thelatter half of the 3rd millenium B.C.