新疆尉犁县营盘墓地15号墓发掘简报

Excavation of Tomb 15 at the Yingpan Site, Yuli, Xinjiang

营盘是汉晋时期由楼兰向西沿孔雀河岸至西域腹地交通线上的一处枢纽重镇,东距楼兰故城近200公里,地处塔里木河下游大三角洲西北缘(图二)。这里分布有古城、烽燧、佛寺以及大面积的古代墓葬群(图一)。上世纪末本世纪初,俄国人科兹洛夫,瑞典人斯文赫定、贝格曼,英国人斯坦因曾先后考察过营盘遗址和墓葬区,获取文物有汉代晚期的铜镜、铜环以及玻璃杯等。斯坦因还根据《水经注》的记载,认为营盘遗址即“注宾城”。此后,营盘遗址不断出现在中外许多有关丝绸之路研究的论著中。1989年9月,

Over 130 tombs along with 400 pieces of ancient relics were brought to light in 1995,about 200km southeast of the county seat of Yuli and 4km north of the old course of theKongque River, at the southern rim of the terrace of the Kurutag Mountain. Of them,Tomb 15 is the best preserved with the biggest yield. The tomb is a rectangular earthen shaft containing a wooden chest-like footed coffin,whose exterior walls are cover(?)d with whorls, diamonds, scrolling sprays, plants and soon. A woolen coffin cover shows lions in color. The dead in the coffin, about thirty yearsold, has become a mummy lying supine and extended. His body was covered in a silk quilt,his head rested on an embroidered silk pillow showing roosters, and his face was coveredwith a linen human mask. The dead wore a woolen garment with designs of paired humanbeings and animals and trees, embroidered woolen trousers and gold-decorated felt sockingwith a silk side. A scent bag and silk fish were hung from his waist. Two small clothes forferal purpose were placed on his body. This tomb is quite amazing for the exquisite, rare tomb furniture, clothes and funerary objects. Special mention should be made of the woolengarment which is extremely impressive for its brilliant colors, fine double-side weaving, andpaired human nudes and animals, something aromatic of Greek art. All this, together withthe fact that the site was on the Silk Road, suggests that the tomb occupant may havebeen a rich merchant from the West. And the date of the tomb should be the late EasternHan dynasty.