山西介休袄神楼古建筑装饰的图像学考察

Studies on the Architectural Decorations on the Zoroastrian Tower at Jiexiu in Jiangxi

1994年春,笔者在《文物》月刊编辑部欣遇中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所丁明夷先生。丁先生对笔者近年工作有所垂询,遂以日前在社科院宗教所刊物《世界宗教研究》发表《论高昌胡天与敦煌祆寺》一事相告。承明夷先生好意教示,并鼓励笔者前往山西省介休县袄神楼调查研究。据介休县博物馆原馆长师延龄先生见告,70年代丁明夷先生与他曾进驻袄神楼工作过一段日子,因而两位均对袄神楼有深切了解。1997年7月,笔者和万毅二人在山西省考古研究所领导任志禄先生及孟耀虎先生关照下,调查了介休县袄神楼、袄神庙遗址及洪洞县袄神庙废弃原址。

The Zoroastrian shrine at Jiexiu was first built in the Northern Song dynasty, by the distinguished minister Wen Yanbo in honor of Zoroastrian deities. The shrine was long destroyed, and only a tower survived, which was rebuilt in the years of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing dynasty. The wooden carving in the form of animal heads on the wooden beamsand brackets are noteworthy, as they have never been encountered in other temples. As aspecial decorative method they seem to be the very marks of the Zoroastrian temple of theSong dynasty. The animal heads, such as those of the bull, dog and bird, signify the Zoroas-trian deities. For example, bull's head was symbolic of deity of victory. It is possible that the existent shrine has kept some original elements of the destroyedshrine, or, was simply rebuilt after it.