董仲舒的历史命运

Dong Zhongshu: His Fate in History

目前流行的史学著作，对于董仲舒的历史作用，大体都讲如下两条：一，汉武帝接受董仲舒建议“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”；二、董子创立的“神学体系”成为“中世纪的正宗思想”。我认为上述论点是站不住脚的。汉武帝并未接受仲舒“灭息邪说”的建议。董子学术在中世纪始终未居统治地位。董子“下帷发愤、潜心大业”的精神，在西汉学者中可数第一，其品德在当时已得到广泛尊重。历代学者对于董子的评价，侧重其学术者多持贬意，重视其人品者则褒扬称道。董子取得煊赫地位。

Abstract Emperor Wu Di of the Han dynasty did not accept Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, i.e., to do away with the hundred schools and uphold only Confucianism in supremacy. His learning had not occupied a dominant place either in the Han times or in the following periods. Although his virtue was valued highly at the time, Dong's theological role has been defined only since the later stage of the Qing dynasty.