明清山区资源开发特点述论──以秦岭-大巴山区为例

Mountainous Resource Exploitation in Ming and Qing Dynasties

山区开发是明清时期资源开发的重要内容。以秦岭－大巴山区为例：资源开发活动的大规模展开，与全国性人口急剧增长、生存压力增大以及玉米、红薯、马铃薯等新作物的引进。推广等背景、条件紧密相关，并由此表现出资源开发以外来流移为主体；开发过程中存在着显著的盲目过度倾向、资源开发以及以农耕为主体的经营粗放化、经济增长不稳定等明显特点，以致山区经济发展后劲严重不足，较早出现了阶段性停滞、衰退的趋势，发人深思。

The development of mountain areas is very important in the exploitation of natural resourcesin Ming and Qing Dynasties. Take the Qinling--Daba mountain areas as an example, the exploitation ofnatural resources in a large scale is not only closely related with the complicated background and conditionsincluding the rapid increase of nation--wide population and of the pressure to subsist, the introduction andwide planting of new agricultural plants, but also possesses some obvious features, such as the main subjects of the exploitation of natural resources being immigrant population, obviously blindness and excessiveness in the exploitation process, the extensive exploitation of natural resources and extensive cultivation, and the unstability of economic increase, which leads to the serious lack of reserve strength in the development of the economy in mountain areas as well as the emergence of stagnation and decline in an earlyperiod and provides us with some experiences and lessons in our contemporary economic construction.