摘要
建国50年来,我国的技术引进工作取得了巨大的成就,为促进我国工农业技术进步,提高科学技术水平,增强我国自力更生的能力,缩小我国与发达国家经济技术水平的差距,加快社会主义现代化建设进程。
(Abstract)As a developing nation,technology import plays an important role in China's catchup with the developed countries.Last 50 years saw its complicate journey.1950sThis is the time when economy was recovering and the 1st 5-year plan was implemented.China's technology import was mainly from Soviet Union and eastern European socialist countries. In all the technology import projects,36.8% were for energy industry,23.1% for machine building,22.9% for metallurgy and 5.6% for chemistry .The established factories includes Fuxin Coal,Fengman Hydropower.Anshan Steel,Wuhan Steel.First Automobile works,Luoyang Tractors and etc.. 1960sAs the sweet tie with Soviet Union ended.technology import ended too. China had to stand on its own feet to develop technology.Through non-governmental channels, China imported some technology from US and western European capitalist countries.The projects includes Beijing Vinylon,Lanzhou Chemical.Luoyang Semiconductor. 1970sChina resumed its UN membership in 1972 ,and then reestablished formal deplomatic relations with Japan,US and other countries consequently.Technology import grows quickly.The imported projects include Baoshan Steel,Dexin Copper, Guizhou Aluminium,Yizheng Chemical Fiber, Beijing Petrochemical, Daqin Petrochemical,Qilu Petrochemical,yangzi Petrochemical,Xianyang Color kinescope and etc..They help to upgrade China's technology level.1980sAfter China formally opened its door to the outside world in the late 70s,technology import expanded quickly.The technology imported in this period amounted to $20.87 billion and 3,761 projects,two numbers over the aggregate of the past 30 years.The Daya Bay Nuclear Plant,Shanghai Container Terminal,Tianjing Container Terminal,Qinghuangdao Coal Harbor.Shanghai Digital Switchboard,are just a few of the projects with imported technology .The technology exporters grew to more than 50 countries around the world.and the ways and methods of import expanded too. Technology import management and technology consumption all strengthened too.1990sThe 90s witnessed an ever-increasing technology import and consumption.There are 23,973 imported items amounted to $82.13 billion.Three phases of Shanghai Subway,Three Gorges,Guangzhou Subway, Lingao Nuclear,Yanshan Ethylene and many other projects improved China's technology level , economic performance and people's living standards. There are several changes happening: l)The importers are changing from government to enterprises andresearch institutions ;2) The importees are changing from production lines to critical items and software ;3)The goal of import is changing from manufacturing and 'import substitution' to technology consumption and innovation and international cooperation;4)The imported technology is changing from product-oriented technology to industry basic technology.
