乌梁海问题

Problems of Uriangkhai

自19世纪初起，乌梁海地方已纳入清帝国版图。1727年俄中布连斯奇界约和恰克图界约确定了俄中两国在乌梁海地方的国界。自1755年起，乌梁海地方受乌里雅苏台将军管辖，其行政体制与蒙古的行政体制相同。乌梁海人信仰喇嘛教，使用的文字为蒙文。1908年1月24日，沙皇尼古拉二世在一份报告上批示说：乌梁海日后对俄国极为有用，并指示内阁讨论向乌梁海移民和占领乌梁海问题。1911年11月21日，俄国内阁就乌梁海问题举行专门会议，认为，自18世纪中叶起，乌梁海实际上已臣服博格达汗，俄国确实没有占领乌梁海地方的法律根据，但内阁依然决定加强向乌梁海移居俄国臣民。其现实目的是加强俄国在乌梁海的影响，而日后的任务是吞并乌梁海。1914年沙皇政府以威胁利诱，甚至讨伐手段，先后将乌梁海五旗置于俄国保护之下，实际上已将乌梁海并入俄国版图。

Since early nineteenth centary, Tangnu Uriangkhai was a part of the domain of the Qing Empire. The Russo - Chinese boundary in Uriangkhai region was delimitated by Russo -Chinese Bupensky Treaty and Treaty of Kiahta in 1727. Since 1755, Uriangkhai came With in the jurisdicticn of the Jiangiun of Uliasutai, the administrative system of which wasjust the same as in mongolia.On 21 November 1911, the Russian Cabinet held a special meeting. Recognizing that Uriangkhai had practically submitted itself to the rule of Bogda Khan, the meeting considered that Russia had no legal basis to occupy Uriangkhai, Nevertheless, in 1914, the Tsarist Goverment, by threatening and luring, finaily succeeded in putting Uriangkhai under its protection,and thus Practically incorporated Uriangkhai into Russia.