从明朝中后期的民族政策看葡萄牙殖民者窃占澳门得逞的原因

Researching the reason why the Portugal colonist could occupy Macao throug the national policies in the middle - past period of Ming dynasty

关于葡萄牙殖民者窃占澳门得逞的原因，一些学者已作过探讨，并形成了几种成说。这些成说当然都有其合理成份，但也存在不足，不能令人信服地解释明廷容忍葡人窃占澳门的真实原因。笔者认为，明廷允许葡人租借澳门固然受外部因素的影响，但主要还是内部因素起决定作用。是明朝中后期，明廷对葡萄牙殖民者侵略本性认识不足，而视北方民族为主要威胁，实行以防北方民族为主这一民族政策的结果，将明廷允租澳门的做法称为“明智”是不能令人信服的。

Why could the Portugal colonist occupy Macao? Some history scholars have discussed this question and summarized varied opinions. Every opinion seems reasonable but it also exists some shortages. They can't explain the true reason that the Portugal colonist could occupy Macao without the prevention of Ming dynasty. I think, the main factor which the Ming government permitted the Portugal colonist leasing Macao due to the internal factor. In the middle - past period, the Ming government had not enough knowledge about the colonist's invasive nature. They regarded the northern nationalities as the'primary threat so that they carried out some policies to guard against them. It is not convincing that some scholars said that the Ming government's decision was wise.