论20世纪民法的发展趋势

On the Trend of the Development of Civil Law in the 20th Century

２０世纪是近代民法发展为现代民法的重要历史阶段。随着经济社会生活的变化，构成民法基本模式的所有权绝对、契约自由、过错责任三大原则也发生了变化，出现了所有权相对、对契约自由的干预和无过错责任；以上述原则为支柱的民法具体制度也有了新的发展。在立法形式上，无论是国际间、区域间，还是一国内部，民法都有统一化的趋势。在推动现代民法发展的诸因素中，以自由法学的出现为标志的民法方法论的转向是最为关键的因素，它确认了司法过程中法官活动的创造性，使制定法在适用过程中能不断适应变迁社会的要求。比起２０世纪民法，２１世纪民法的发展所面临的问题更为复杂和更具挑战性。

The 20th Century is an important historical Period with civil law growing from modern to contemporary. Withthe changes of social economic life, the three main principles, namely Absolution of Ownership, the Freedom of Contractand the Liability with Fault, which form the basic modes of civil law, have changed too, resulting in the Relativity of Ownership,the Limitation of Freedom Of Contract and the Liability without Fault. The concrete rules of civil law which are basedon the above-mentioned Principles halve also developed. In legislative form, these is a trend of unification,on the internainterantional,territorial and domestic scale. On all the factor Promoting the deVelopment of contemporaly civil law, the transformation of civil law methodology wihich is symbolized by the occurrance of the free-law school is the most important factor.It affirms the creativity of judges' activities during the judicial process,and makes the statute law constantly adapted to the demand of the changing society in its application.The development of civil law of the 21st century is confronted confronted with morecomplicated problems and more challenges compared with that of the 20th century.