简论宋人的生态意识与生物资源保护

A Brief Comment on Ecology Consciousness and the Protection of Biological Resources in the Song Dynasty

针对当时社会、生态环境的较大变化 ,宋人对与生态环境相关的哲学有许多思考 ,表现出较强烈而广泛的生态意识 ,提出了顺应自然 ,调节生态系统 ,维护生态平衡 ,保护生物资源的生态哲学观。同时 ,宋代制定并实施了一系列保护生物资源的措施 ,其中主要有 :设置管理、保护机构 ,进行生物资源保护的宣传、教育 ,制定保护法令 ,禁止乱砍滥伐 ,不得非时、违法捕猎 ,不许向朝廷上贡珍禽异兽 ,鼓励植树造林 ,营建保护性的林带、园林与苑囿 ,重视森林防火与防治虫害等 ,从而在一定程度上减缓了当时的生态环境受到破坏或在局部地区继续恶化的现象 。

The social and ecological environments of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 A. D.) changed greatly and this change drew extensive attention from people of that time. They showed deep concern about the worsening of ecological environments and proposed from philosophical perspective ecological views on conforming to nature, regulating ecological systems, keeping ecological balance, and protecting biological resources. A series of measures were taken for these purposes. As a result, the deterioration and destruction of ecological environments were effectively curbed. Their experience and lessons are worthy of consideration today.