90年代西欧民主社会主义的变革及左翼知识分子对社会主义的探索

Reform of Democratic Socialism in West Europe in 1990s and Exploration of Socialism by Left-wing Intellectuals

本文全面分析了西欧除共产党人以外的社会主义力量在９０年代的发展进程及其思想理论动向，内容包括：（１）民主社会主义从危机走向复兴的原因、过程、实质和影响；（２）英国工党、德国社会民主党、法国社会党、意大利左翼民主党以及欧洲社会党９０年代以来的发展轨迹和纲领理论变革；（３）一些党派属性不明显的左翼知识分子对社会主义的历史经验、现实处境和理想模式的反思和探索。这三方面彼此相关，共同反映着欧洲社会主义的当前态势。作者认为，经过８０年代末９０年代初的迷惘、反思到９０年代中后期的调整、创新和复兴。

Abstract This article offered a comprehensive analysis of the progress and theoretical trend of West Europe socialism, the communists not included, in the 1990s. This analysis is composed of three factors: First, an acount of the cause, process, essence and influence of democratic socialism, from its crisis to its revival; Second, track of development and revolution in the general principles of the Labor Party in Britain, the Social Democratic Party in Germany, the Social Party in France, the Left wing Democratic Party in Italy and the European Social Party since 1990s; Third, some leftist intellectuals' introspection and exploration of experience in socialist movement, current circumstances and ideal models of socialism (the intellectuals in question are those who have no links with any particular factions). These factors put together illustrated the current state of European Socialism. Based on all this, the author maintained that having undergone a period of loss in the late 1980s and early 1990s, adjustment, innovation and revival in mid and the latter part of the 1990s, democratic socialism and related schools of socialism have now entered another significant period of revolution since the 1950s.