人的需要结构及其历史发展

Structure of Human Needs and Its Development in History

本文认为：人的需要结构包括物质需要、社会交往秩序需要和人生意义需要等诸多层级；需要结构是历史地变化的，在自然经济条件下，物质需要、社会秩序需要受到自然界限的限定，精神需要的补偿空间广阔；市场经济通过需要及其满足方式的间接化、普通化、社会化，使物质需要及其产品匮乏的问题得到解决，秩序需要法制化、民主化，但物化社会关系的负效应有可能诱使物欲膨胀，意义需要萎缩；要建立社会主义市场经济体制，就应形成需要结构各层面之间必要的张力关系。

Abstract The structure of human needs is embodied at 3 levels, namely, material needs, social interactional needs, and needs governed by values of life. It is a structure evolved in the course of history. Under circumstances of natural economy the material needs and social interactional needs are limited by natural boundaries, while the spiritual needs are of a vast scale. In the situation of market economy, the author points out, problems caused by material needs and shortage of products is solved by indirect, widespread and socialized links between demand and the ways to meet the demand. At this stage, the social needs become constitutional and democratic, but the negative effect of materialization of social relationships may give rise to swelling of the desire for material things, and thus lead to withering of the needs of values. Now that we are building socialist market economy, it is necessary to maintain the inter level tension so as to achieve balanced development of needs and human beings as well.