语法研究的分析和综合

Analysis and synthesis in grammatical studies

《马氏文通》以来，中国的语法研究借鉴西方语法分析的方法，取得了很大成绩。分析也即找出整体各组成部分的差异，以把握整体的性质。然而整体的性质不能完全靠组成部分的差异来把握，整体还有自身独立于部分的性质，这就需要综合。分析和综合是相辅相成的两个方面。西方语法研究虽有长久的分析传统，但一些有识之士早已意识到综合的重要性。近年来“认知语法”对体现综合的所谓“意合法”

Abstract Owing to introduction from the West of the method of analysis, great advances have been made in the study of Chinese grammar since the publication of Mashi Wentong a century ago. Analysis is a process of understanding the whole through finding out differences among the component parts. However, synthesis is also indispensable because the whole has its own meaning independent of the component parts. While grammatical study in the West has a long tradition of analysis, recent Cognitive Grammar emphasizes the importance of synthesis and has made important achievements by using the method of “analysis by synthesis”.