关于语言僵化现象起因的理论探讨

A discussion on the sources of fossilization, by

语言僵化现象是外语学习中的一个常见问题。不同的理论对其形成起因和过程从内、外因等各个方面都做过探讨和论述。各种理论都能对语言学习的某个方面作出解释，但也都有解释不了的问题。这说明外语学习是一个复杂过程。近１０年来对僵化的研究更多的是从实验和观察所取得的材料来探讨其背后的原因。有的把僵化与学习策略联系起来，有的从语言标记等方面来说明一些带有普遍性的语言僵化现象。对僵化现象的探讨能为二语学习的研究提供有用的启示和参考，因此，对其做进一步的概括和探讨依然很有必要。

Abstract In the 1970s, there were theories that discussed and explained fossilization from biological, social and psychological points of view and also from the way how learners interact with the possible feedback.Later, new explanations are offered by different researchers. Some of them relate it to learner strategies, and some other try to explain it by linguistic markedness and learners' tendency to behave in a certain way. The studies are of particular interest and relevant to the study of common linguistic features existing among different groups of learners related with fossilization.The exploration of the sources of fossilization can reveal something not only about fossilization but also the development of learners' language.