比较优势与发展战略——对“东亚奇迹”的再解释

(1)Comparative Advantage and Development Strategy

本文认为 ,在经济发展的战略选择上 ,除了立足于赶超型重工业优先发展战略或进口替代战略以外 ,还有一种更为成功的经济发展道路 ,即比较优势战略 ,这是日本和亚洲“四小龙”实现经济成功的核心所在。比较优势战略使得经济发展在每个阶段上都能发挥当时资源禀赋的比较优势 ,从而维持经济的持续增长并提升资源禀赋的结构。文章指出 ,实行比较优势战略要求发挥市场机制作用 ;发挥政府维护市场竞争性和规则性的经济职能 ,并特别表现在产业政策的制定和实施上。比较优势战略与金融危机没有必然联系 。

With regard to the choice of strategies for economic development, in addition to a strategy that gives priority to the development of heavy industries with an eye to catching up with and surpassing the advanced nations, and an import substitution strategy, there is a more successful approach to economic development, that is, the comparative advantage strategy. This approach is the reason for the economic successes of Japan and the “four Asian small dragons.” This strategy gives full play to comparative resource advantages at each stage of economic development, thus sustaining economic growth and upgrading the resource structure. In this paper, the authors point out that in order to implement a comparative advantage strategy, market mechanism must be given full rein, and the government must fulfill its economic functions of safeguarding the competitiveness and orderliness of the market, and, in particular, formulating correct industrial policies and ensuring their implementation. A comparative advantage strategy does not necessarily lead to economic crisis, on the contrary, it will help prevent and guard against economic crisis.