日月食卜辞的证认与殷商年代

(11)The Identification of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Related to Solar and Lunar Eclipses and the Shang Dynasty Dating

商王武丁时期 ,依癸未夕—甲午夕—壬申夕—己未夕皿庚申—乙酉夕排序的宾组 5次纪日月食卜辞 ,是目前已知的殷商时期可据以天文定年的最确凿材料。参以历组卜辞“癸酉贞日月 (夕 )又食”的纪录 ,推定武丁在位的大致年代应为公元前 12 5 0年至前 1192年 ,而武王伐纣的年代应在公元前 10 5 0年至前 10 2 0年的范围之内。本文为夏商周断代工程的成果之一 ,主要结论已于 1998年 12月 15日在全国政协举办的“夏商周断代工程报告会”上宣布 ,并摘要发表于《文物》 1999年第

Five inscriptions on tortoise shells related to solar and lunar eclipses during the reign of Wuding of the Shang dynasty are the most authentic historical materials available for determining astronomically the chronology of the Shang dynasty. Using cross references to other oracle inscriptions, the reign of Wuding, one of the kings of the Shang dynasty, has been dated approximately to 1250—1192 BCE, and the conquest of King Zhou, the last king of the Shang dynasty, by King Wu of the Zhou dynasty is thought to have taken place between 1050 and 1020 BCE. This paper is one of the achievements of the Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project. The main conclusions reached by the author were announced at a public lecture on the Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project organized by the National Political Consultative Conference on 15 December 1998, and published in Wenwu (Cultural Relics), 1999, no. 3.