清初遗民诗创作的社会文化环境与遗民诗群的地域分布

The Sociocultural Environment for Adhernts to the Former Dynasty to Write Poems of Their Own Style and the Regional Distribution of Their Poetry-Writing Groups in the Early Qing Dynasty

清初遗民诗群的形成，完全以明清易代的沧桑巨变为契机。以此为界，清初明遗民诗的创作也明显分为前后两个阶段，呈现出两种截然不同的风致。晚明社会的政治危机、世风堕落，以及文化领域中哲学的突破与异端思潮的崛起；清代初年的民族高压政策，大一统局面的形成，以及经世致用学风的高扬，对于生存在这一时空背景中的遗民的人生态度、处世哲学，乃至诗歌创作均产生过不同程度的影响。以群体网络形式出现的清初造民诗群，主要分布在北方、淮海、江南、岭南、西南等几个较大的区域，而每个区域中都包含若干个遗民群落。

In the early Qing Dynasty, the poetry-writing groups of adherentS to the former dynasty took shapeentirely on the basis of the juncture of great changes at which the Ming Dynasty had been being replacedby the Qing Dynasty. Against this background, adherents' poetry-writing may be distinguished into twosuccessive stages, representing two distinctive style completely different from each other. In the societyof the ho Ming Dynasty, there occurred the Political crisis, the degeneration of public morals, thephilosophical breakthrough in the culture realm, and the rise of heretic trend of thought as well; and onthe other, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, its high-handed policy toward nationalities, theemerging of the situation in which the whole empire came under one ruler, and the stand to advocate thestyle of study of making the best use of learning in dealing with the world situation and affairs of humanlife. These were all factors Which had in varying degrees exerted influence on the attitude to life taken byadherents, their philosophy of life as well as their style of poetry-writing. The groups of poetry-writingadherents, appealing in the network form of communities, were distributed in sevelal large areas,mainly including the North, the Huai-Hai, the South of the Yangtze, the South of the FiveRidges, and the Southwest, each of them in turn consisting of a number of smaller communities.