宋代三居士名考

A Study of the Names of the Three Ju Shi's in the Song Dynasty

中国先秦时代即有“居士”称谓，指“道艺处士”。佛教在中国兴起后，佛门礼称不出家的佛教信徒或施主为“居士”。唐、宋以还，文人多有自称“居士”者，或信佛，或懂佛，或与佛教无关。苏过自称斜川居士，以明学陶渊明之志；向子自称芗林居士，即隐居山林之士；尤袤自称遂初居士，乃久倦仕宦，渴望“返初服”（致仕归乡）之意。

In the early Qin Dynasty in China, there were already people called 'Ju Shi', which referred to those who were learned and artistically accomplished but refused to be in office. When Buddhism flourished in China, BuddhistS whO are not monks, and alms givers were respectfully called 'Ju Shi'. Since the Tang and sing Dynastied, many scholars called themselves 'Ju Shi'. Among them, some believed in Buddhism, some understoodbuddhism, and others had nothing to do with Buddhism. Su Guo declared himself to be called 'Xie Chuan Ju Shi' to show that he was determined to follow Tao Yuanming. Xiang Ziyin claimed to be 'Xiang Lin Ju Shi' tO indicate that he was a scholar dwelling in mountain forests in seclusion. You Mao called himself 'Sui Chu Ju Shi', which means that he longed to resign and returned to his native place after having been in office over such a long period of time.