从民族志和考古学资料看中国国家的起源

The Origin of Chinese State as Reflected in the Ethnographical and Archaeological Data

探讨中国国家起源的特殊道路，以往多有忽视民族学观点与方法的倾向，本文在填补这一不足时，引入酋邦理论的框架，认为中国原始社会末期存在一个酋邦阶段，直到１９世纪前处于不同时间链环中的云南西盟佤族、德宏景颇族、西双版纳傣族的政治结构还代表着酋邦制的一种发展序列，此序列与史前中原由原始社会向文明和国家转化序列的几个阶段对应。本文力图将民族志史料与考古学推测有机地结合起来。

Abstract In the search of the special path of the formation of the Chinese state,the ethnological perspective and methodology used to be neglected in the past studies.The present paper, while making amendment in this respect,introduces the theoretical format of the chiefdom into the studies,and holds that there used to be a period of chiefdom towards the end of the primitive society in China,and that the political structure of the Wa nationality in Ximeng,the Jingpo nationality in Dehong,the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna,(all in Yunnan Province,)which belonged to different time links before the 19th century,had been standing for the development alignment of chiefdom system.Such an order corresponds to the various stages of the change alignment from the primitive society to civilization and the state system in Central China.This paper tries to combine the studies of historical data in ethnography with the inference of archaeology,and elucidate the thesis profoundly.