论冯友兰“新理学”的形上学方法——一种比较研究

On the Metaphysical Method of Feng You lan′s Neo Confucianism

本文主要从比较的角度来讨论冯友兰“新理学”形上学的方法问题。与康德的“批判法”比较 ,“新理学”的方法不仅与康德的“批判法”不一致 ,而且恰恰是康德的“批判法”所质疑的。与黑格尔的“辩证法”比较 ,“新理学”的方法更是与之根本对立的。由此 ,“新理学”形上学所标榜的“逻辑分析”方法仍是一种形式的抽象的方法 ,是“知性的”逻辑 ,这种方法在今天的西方哲学中 ,也被研究形上学问题的学派认为是不足以确立形上学体系的 ,因而被否弃了。与现代实证主义比较 ,新理学体系仍未能逃避现代实证主义对形上学所提出的指斥 ,它想竭力割断与以往以及经验科学的联系 。

Mainly from the angle of comparative research,this essay discusses Feng You lan′s metaphysical method of the“Neo Confucianism”.Compared with Kant′s “critical method”,the method of the “Neo Confucianism”not only is different from it,but justly questions its validity.Compared with Hegel′s “dialectics”,the method of the “Neo Confucianism”is entirely opposite to it.Therefore,the method of “logical analysis” boasted by metaphysics of the “Neo Confucianism” is still a formal and abstract method and a “cognitive” logic,which has been rejected even in the western philosophy of today as it is also regarded by scholars who research metaphysics as being unable to establish the metaphysical system.Compared with modern positivism,the system of the “Neo Confucianism” is not free from the denouncement modern positivism gives to metaphysics.It tries very hard to cut off connections with empiricalness and empiricism,but its core statement has to be on the premise of empirical existence. (QIAN Guang hua)