试论近代中国新式小学的兴起

The Rise of New Primary School in Modern China

近代中国新式小学是在１９世纪７０年代以后受资产阶级改良主义新思潮的影响而产生的。维新运动时期，维新派提倡“开民智”，从洋务派局限于专门技术教育转向普通教育，尤以小学教育为基础，高度重视其价值和社会作用。“戊戌维新”期间，各地纷纷涌现了一些新式小学，在培养目标、教学内容、方式、方法、组织形式及学校管理等方面均有别于传统的封建私塾，体现了近代教育发展的特征，并为清末“新政”时期“新学制”

Influenced by the new ideological trend of the bourgeois reformism, the new Primary School in China come into being in the 1870's. During the Constitutional Reform and Modernization period, the reformers advocated “enlightening the people's intelligence ”, so they attached importance to the value and social roles of the common education based on the Primary School education, instead of confining in some special technical training. Just at that time, the new Primary School emerged in large numbers, which was quite different from the traditional feudal style private school in many aspects such as the cultivating object, the content of teaching, the method, mode, organization forms, school administration, etc., embodied the characteristics of the development of modern education, and also provided the historical condition for the formulation of “new educational system” at the end of Qing dynasty and the development of Primary School education.