论美国第三党竞选总统失败的决定性原因

On the Decisive Reason of American Third Parties' Failure in Presidential Election

在美国，第三党竞选总统失败的致命因素是维护两大党轮流执政传统的总统选举制度。它主要表现为：“单一代表选区多数票制”遏制了第三党势力的增强。“胜者得全票制”从选票计算方面抵消了第三党的努力。总统候选人列名选票法为第三党候选人规定了各种列名选票的苛刻条件，蓄意将其挤出竟选活动。竞选经费法枯竭了第三党的财源，使其无力扩大政治影响而最终丧失获胜的机会。

In America, the vital reason which causes third parties' failure in every presidentialelection is the presidential electoral system defending alternate government of Major parties` Thiscan be illustrated in three aspects. Firstly ``the single-member-district plurality system'' restrainsthe growth of third parties. And the electoral college system (All ballot the winner) prevents can-didates of third parties from capturing a single electoral vote. Secondly , the names of third partiescandidates can , t appear on ballot because of ballot access restrictions , and so they can i t Join in thecampaign. Thirdly, candidates of third parties can' t get enough campaign fund to extend theirpolitical influence .