韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》的方法论和思想研究

Research on the Approach and Thought of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

马克斯·韦伯的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》从研究新教伦理与资本主义生产方式产生关系的角度研究资本的本质和运动。韦伯的研究方法和叙述方法带有浓重的德国黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学色彩。韦伯的研究证明，西欧宗教改革后形成的新教伦理以及这种伦理的传播制度不仅对资本主义形成所需的种种特定历史条件的出现产生了重要的作用，而且本身就是特定历史条件的重要组成部分。

Max Weber contributes indispensably to the research on capitalism with his famous book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism . This article is in an attempt to provide a new understanding of the approach used by Max Weber in studying the relationship between the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism; the emphasis is on the philosophy of bounden duty based on the Protestant ethic and its relations with a) free labor, b) surplus being converted to capital investment and c) the creation of technology. In addition, the essential role played by the dissemination of Protestantism in educating workers is also discussed.