新历史主义、精神分析学说与海明威传记

New Historicism, Psychoanalysis, and Hemingway Biographies

新历史主义强调历史的文本性。传记作为个人的历史，也可以看作文本。本文研究了不同文本的海明威传记，发现文学家传记的作者受批评热点的引导，在不同时期对文学家的不同作品有所侧重，同时传记作者的历史条件、认识水平和当时文学批评理论的发展状况，甚至社会科学、自然科学的研究成果也会对传记文学产生不可忽视的影响。因此，传记作品实际上反映了一个时代的认识水平。不同的传记作家用不同的方法研究传记主人公，写出的传记也大不一样，因此，传记与历史和文学一样，也是不同意见和观点的交锋场所。在把一本传记译成另一种语言时，如果译者与原作者对传记主人公的认识有距离。

Abstract Taking a New Historical stand in studying different versions of Hemingway biographies, the author of this paper finds several factors that play an important role in the writing of biographies of men of letters. First of all, the specific interest of the critical society at a certain time clearly guides the biographers of a literary figure, making them focus on different literary works of the writer at different periods of time. Secondly, the historical condition and the epistemological horizon of the biographer, the development of critical theory, and even recent achievements in natural and social sciences can greatly affect the writing of biographies. Thirdly, different biographers often use different approaches to study their biographee, thus resulting in radically different biographies of the same person. Lastly, when a biography is translated into a different language, the translated and the original versions can give different impressions to the reader.