科学与社会的互动——“默顿命题”评析

Science and Society:Movement Towards Each Other ——On Merton Supposition

“默顿命题”是两个来源不同的命题的重合，即：１７世纪的工匠传统和培根所提倡的实验科学有力地推动了近代科学的实质性变革并使科学更具实用价值；清教主义促进了英国近代科学的制度化。这一命题引起了学术界的广泛关注和持久争论。

Merton Supposition is composed of two different assumptions derived from two different origins.The first refers to that the tradition of craftsmen in the 17th century and the experimental science advocated by Fracis Bacon together gives a powerful impetus to the substantive revolution of modern science and produces a practical value for science.And the second is that Puritanism promotes the institutionalization of England′s modern science.This supposition has given birth to a wide-spread concern and sustained debates in academic fields.The present paper expounds this supposition′s reasonableness and gives it a concise evaluation.