沙陀的族源及其早期历史

The Ethnic Oringin of the Shatuo People and Their Early History

本文对沙陀的族源及其早期历史中的几个问题进行了考察。认为回纥人、粟特人以及鞑靼人只是沙陀民族共同体的组成部分 ,而不是沙陀的族源 ,沙陀的族源是西突厥别部处月部中的朱邪部落。朱邪是沙陀最早的部族名 ,永徽三年后文献中始以其居地“沙陀”名之 ,贞元年间沙陀人离开沙碛 ,史书恢复“朱邪”的名号 ,于是朱邪成为姓氏 ,沙陀成为族名。沙陀金山卒于开元二年之后 ,而不在之前。沙陀人早期居地当在金娑山之阴、蒲类之西 ,《新唐书·沙陀传》记载有误。在唐、吐蕃、大食、回纥四方角逐中 ,沙陀基本上是与唐、回纥联合 。

This article makes researches on the origin of the Shatuo people and some questions in their early history. The author holds that the Huigus, Sogdians and Tatars were not the ethnic oringin of the Shatuo people, but only the components of the Shatuo ethnic community; the Shatuos' origin could be traced back to the Zhuyie tribe of the Chuyue confederation of the Western Tujue People. `Zhuye' was the name of the original clan, it was after 652 A.D. that` Zhuye 'began to be called as` Shatuo' in documents according to the place name of Zhuye people's location, when the Shatuo people left the desert during the period from 785——804 A.D. the title of `Zhuyie' was used again in history and hence Zhuyie became a surname while Shatuo became the ethnic group's name.Shatuo Jinshan was dead after, not before, 714 A.d..There is a mistake in the ` Chapter on Shatuo in the New Tang Annals', the Shatuo people had lived to the North of the Jinsuo Mountain and to the west of Pulei. In the rivalry among the Tang Empire, the Tu-bo Kingdom, the Arabian Empire (Tazi, Dashi) and the Huigus, the Shatuo people usually allied with the Tang Empire and the Huigus and jointly resisted Tu-bo.