庶民社会的人生畅想与精神漫游──论中国古代小说的俗文化本质

A Cheerful Idea of Life and A Pleasurable Spiritual Trip of Common People in Ancient Society

古代小说被轻视的历史境遇实质是权力文化和文人文化对民间文化排斥的结果，表明了广大庶民在政治、经济不平等之后的文化不平等的历史事实。小说观念上，因其远离“大道”和“街谈巷语”而被权力文化与文人文化分别从政治、道德层面和艺术层面排斥。在小说主题上，其“忠义”的政治倾向其实并不一致。忠是以皇权为中心的政治意识的伦理化，义则是个体化的人格境界。后者往往构成庶民社会破坏社会既定秩序的道德依据。小说内容的传奇性是以庶民的“尚奇”意识为导向的，是其对自己存在状态的一种人生物想和心理体验。由神怪、侠义、公案、性爱小说所表现出来的奇物、奇人、奇事、奇情不仅是庶民的道德需要，也是审美需要，完整地体现了庶民社会的宗教、道德、政治和婚爱价值观。以奇为是的叙述显示出古代小说美学形态的幼稚和商业机制的早熟。而叙事的大团圆结局与其说是一种审美原则，莫不如说是一种具有宗教色彩的庶民世界观。

The despited fate of ancient fictions was basically the result of the rejection of the culture of authority and culture of scholars, and showing the fact that common people's cultural inequality following the political and economic inequality.The mysterious orientation of the ancient fictions was guided by the consciousness of admiring miracles,and was a cheerful idea of life and a pschological experiences which also expressed themoral,religious, political and emotional value and the aesthetic idea of common people.