秦汉以来中国南、北方民族融合进程的特点

The Integration of North and South Nationalities Since the Dynasties of Qing and Han

中华大地具有相对封闭的特殊地缘环境，汉族经济文化发展水平高于域内各族和周边各国，故中华大地上的民族融合基本上是在域内进行，且主要表现为其他各族不断融入汉族之中。但南、北方民族融合进程有各自特点。北方周边各族一般只能借助于特定的历史条件和非常方式，方能实现与汉族的杂居；但一旦杂居后，融合进程发展较快、融合较为彻底。南方各族与汉族的交流和杂居进行比较自然，但由于南方存在不少相对封闭的局部环境，使居住于此的各民族能够较长期地保留自身的民族特点，形成了在汉族民众包围中的本民族小聚居的“孤岛”，这是我国南方。

Abstract China is made up of regions geologically and socially isolated and enclosed,among which the regions inhabited by Han people are more developed in economics and culture.The integration of nationalities are understandably going on with in Chinese area,featuring in the immersion of other nationalities into Han people,the process of which presents different denominations respectively in Northern and Sonthern areas.The integraty in the north depends on some unsusual events in history,but proceeds and completes fairly rapiadly once intermingled,whereas in the south,the process moves more slowly and naturally,during which nationalities preserve their own living styles due also to the isolated geological condifions,explaining partially away the fact that natinalities abound in the south and southwest areas.