冷战后影响美国外交政策的三大理论思潮

Three Major Thoughts That Influence US Diplomacy after the Cold War

每一个国家的外交政策都会不同程度地受到本国政治文化的影响，美国则尤甚。在美国历史中积淀下来的四种相互矛盾的政治文化：美国例外主义、道德主义、自由主义和实用主义的作用下，美国的外交政策一直处于理想主义与现实主义，孤立主义与国际主义的冲突之中。冷战以后，...

Abstract Conflicts between idealism and realism, isolationism and internationalism run through US foreign policy. After the Cold War, three theoretic trends of thought that influence current and future US Diplomacy have emerged. The first one is Neoisolationism whose theory is: to set up foreign policy and targets on the basis of national interests; to put domestic issues as the center policy; to establish international intervention mechanism; to reduce US obligations abroad. The second is Neointervenism which advocates: civil war does not belong to domestic affairs, human rights is above sovereignty; to establish international intervention mechanism; to replace the old 'containment strategy' with 'expansionism strategy'; to advocate preventive diplomacy. The last is Pragmatic Internationalism whose theory is: the U.S. must pursue active participation policy since the international situation becomes uncertain after the Cold War; carry out cautious foreign policy because it is the most, but not the only, powerful country in the world, it is only the most powerful among many powerful nations; revitalize traditional moral and cultural values in order to make US hegemony possess political and philosophical legitimacy; China issue has attracted wide attention from pragmatic internationalists. In interacting upon one another, these three trends of thought produce influence in US diplomacy in different degrees according to specific condition. The Pragmatic Internationalism will become the theoretic mainstream on which the US policy makers depend.