西方近、现代主体论美学的逻辑发展──审美本体论研究系列论文之一

On Logical Development of Modern and Contemporary Subject-Conceptual Aestheticsin the West

西方古代美学在注重客体性美学的同时，并非没有研究过审美主体。实际上，西方对主体和客体研究的历史一样古老。虽然这种研究在其后的趋向曲折复杂，但两种倾向经过德国古典美学的努力，到康德和黑格尔那里，已使感性与理性、主体与客体在唯心主义体系下统一起来。而近代以来的审美本体论，却是在反黑格尔理性主义旗帜下走向主体论美学的。但如果从总体上看，西方古代审美本体论一方面以客体为前提，另一方面则还未能形成完整的美学体系。所以历史地看待审美本体的发展，在古代和中古时代的美学中，客观论是占优势的，但在近代占优势的则是主观理论。

While having emphasis Put on obective study of the beautam in ancient westem aesthetics, it is by no means the case that the subject appreiating the beautiful had been neglected. Instead, the history of looking into the subject is as long as that of the object being studied-Although this study tended to becom bosted and complicated, these two tendancies, after having passed through efforts on the part of German classical aesthehcs to the hands of Kant and Hegel, had resulted in the unification of pereeption and reason, subject and object, under the system of idealism,In modern age, on the other, it is under the banner of anti-Hegelian idealism that ontological aesthetics moves towards subject-conceptual aesthetics.Genemp speaking, however, the ancient subject-conceptual aesthetics had to presuppose the object, on the one hand, and on the other, it had not formed itself into a comlete system of aesthetics. So, having the aesthetic subject put in a historical perspective, it could be said that in aesthetics of ancient and medieval periods, the objectivity dominates, whereas in modm age, the subjectivity prevails.