论价值主体与价值冲突

On the Value Subject and the Value Conflict

价值主体是理解价值概念和价值冲突的关键。价值主体由三要素组成，这就是主体的目的性、主体需要的层次性以及主体的态度。本文修正马斯洛的人类个人需要的五层次说，指出人的需要有三个维度（生理的需要、精神的需要和社会的需要）和三个圈层（生存的需要、福利的需要和自我实现的需要），发挥了罗尔斯《正义论》中的“基本的善”的概念，建立了人类需要和人类价值的圈层结构的状态空间模型。运用价值主体的概念来考察价值的冲突。本文分析了四种价值冲突及其解决的原则，这四种价值冲突是：（１）个人内部的价值冲突；（２）社会内部个人之间的价值冲突；（３）社会系统之间的价值冲突；

Abstract The concept of value subject is the key to the understanding of the value conflict.There are three components of the value subject:subjective teleonomy,subjective needs and subjective form or subjective manner.The present paper criticizes the theory of human motivation of Maslow,reconstructs the theory of human needs and points out that there are three dimensions of human needs,including biological,psychological and social needs and three levels of needs,including the needs for survival,for wellbeing and the needs for selfactualization.In this way,the paper advances the theory of primary goods in the famous work A Theory of Justice by J.Rawls and constructs the model of state space of the statiform construce.Using the theory of value subject to the value conflict of human life,the author finds that all humans face value conflicts.There are four kinds of value conflict:1.The value conflict of internal human;2.The interpersonal value conflict;3.The intergroup value conflict;4.The value conflict of moral norms.