论曹丕《典论·论文》

A Study of Cao Pis“On Literature”

在我国的文学批评史上，一直到了魏晋，才有专门论文的作品，其中最早的就是曹丕的《典论·论文》了。曹丕在《论文》中指出人们在批评文学作品时很容易有“崇己抑人”和“贵古贱今”两种障蔽，他认为作家有个人才性的限制，如果不明白这点，在批评别人的时候，就很容易有上述障蔽；他根据作品的形式和艺术特点，把文学作品分成八类，并尝试对当代作家作出较公允的评价。尤为可贵的是曹丕在《论文》中对文学的价值推崇备至，认为文章是“经国之大业”，这对建安以后文学蓬勃的发展有极大的影响。

Abstract In China,there was no treatise of literary criticism until the Wei and Jin Dynasties.Cao Pis“On Literature”is the first work of this kind.In his“On Literature”,Cao Pi points out that the common obstruct in literary criticism is admiring ones own works and those of ancient writers but depreciating those of others and contemporary writers.This is because few people understand that different writers are good at different areas.Cao Pi tries to classify literary works into eight categories according to their artistic features and make fair comments on the writers.The most significant point Cao Pi brings out in“On Literature”is that literature is so valuable that it can even help the administration of the country.Cao Pis views have strong influence on the development of literature in the Jianan Period and literary criticism onwards.