论原始时期人对自然的心理矛盾

Man's mental conflict with nature in the primitive ages

原始时期人类作为现实主体虽然尚未发展出自我意识,但他在实践的意义上已经从自然中分化出来.但物我在原始同一中通过实践而呈现的差异性及其联系已经潜伏在人类意识中.通过人对自然的实践关系,早期人类精神世界中孕育了对自然的相互矛盾的两种心理倾向,即依恋的倾向和征服的倾向.这两种倾向在原始宗教及其形式中通过主体的意指性活动中获得了一种现实的张力.原始宗教中蕴含的人对自然的矛盾关系,使得原始宗教在孕育了体现人与自然的对象性关系的科学的同时,又孕育了体现人对自然的情感关系的艺术和诗.

In the primitive ages human as a subject of reality had not developed his self-consciousness yet,but in practice he had already separated himself from nature. In spite of the fact that man and nature were integrated in an identity,man's agreement and disagreement revealed in their actual contact had already concealed in man's consciousness, Man's direct relations with nature had thereby brought about two conflicting mental tendencies towards nature in the mind of the earlier man,viz. the tendency of attaching himself to nature and the tendency of conquering it. Both tendencies created a sort of tension through some major intentional activities of religion and its rites, gave birth to the science which embodies the mutual relations between man and nature on the one hand and engendered arts and poetry which reflect emotional relations between man and nature on the other.