论周代神权崇拜的演变与天人合一观

Change of the Theoretical Worship and the Concept of Unity of Universe and Human Beings in the Zhou Dynasty

周人革命与受命的思想，是以《周易》变易革新的哲学观作为理论依据的。周人所言受天命在文王后期，与《周易》成书年代相近。周人认为上有天神，下有民众，其心灵是息息相通的；民众是“神之主”，民众的愿望想法，上帝鬼神也一定是要遵从的。这就是天人思想相互感应、相互交流的“天人合一”观。周代神权崇拜的特点是与政治统治的方式相配套，祭祀天地、鬼神、祖先神的权力像金字塔式按不同的等级阶层分配到上至王公下至士手中。西周晚期以来天地鬼神的威信下降了。

Abstract The thoughts of Zhou people's revolution and receiving the heaven's orders were based theoretically on the concepts of philosophy in the Book of Changes. According to the Zhou people's ideas, the God in heaven and the common people in earth could communicate with each other and ideas held by the people would be followed by the God.The characteristic of theocratic worship in the Zhou dynasty was its unification with the means of political government.