论凤鸟在周文化中的地位

On the Role of the Fengniao in the Culture of the Zhou Dynasty

凤鸟不是周人的“崇拜对象”。从原始材料分析，“凤鸣岐山”恰可证明凤鸟是周人的敌对部族——商族的神灵。“神不歆非类”，可知周人不会把凤鸟作为祭祀的对象。在周代，凤鸟不是王权的象征，而是臣服于王权的“贤人”“君子”的象征。周人相信“异德相及以生民”，凤鸟与周人“异德异类”，因此，周人视“凤凰来仪”为吉兆，但不能说凤鸟本身是“大一统王权”

Abstracta mythic bird somewhat similar to phoenix was not the idol worshiped by the Zhou people.The original documents proved that the Fengniao was just the god worshiped by the Shang people ,who were the adversary of the Zhou.The principle that god would not enjoy the sacrificial food from the different clan tells us that it is impossible for the Zhou people to have a worship of Fengniao.In the Zhou Dynasty the Fengniao was not the symbol of king′s power but that of the worthy who were submitted to the king.Because the Zhou people believed that the different virtue could help to breed themselves and the Fengniao was related not only to the different virtue but also to a different clan,the Fengniao′s appearance before the King of Zhou was considered by the Zhou people as a good omen.However,Fengniao in itself cannot be explained as the symbol of King′s power in a unified domain.