山西壶关南村宋代砖雕墓砖雕题材试析

On the Theme of the Brick Relief in the Song Dynasty Tomb at Nancun, Huguan, Shanxi

《文物》1997年第2期,《山西壶关南村宋代砖雕墓》一文介绍了该砖室墓壁上嵌饰的一批砖雕。这批精美的砖雕用生动的人物形象向人们展示了在当时日益流行的古代孝子故事。它对于了解宋代儒家孝义思想的内容及著名的二十四孝的形成都具有一定的参考意义。但是,原报告只简单地说明:“内容为常见的武士,侍女及孝子故事。”而没有进行详细的注解。类似的孝义故事图画及雕刻在宋、辽、金、元的北方墓葬中是经常出现的重要墓室装饰,但在以往的简报中,对没有题榜的这类图画雕刻往往不能准确地注明其名称,并且缺乏综合研究。

A popular theme in the mural paintings of the northern China tombs of NorthernSong, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, the stories about the twenty-four figures with filialdeeds found way into the brick relieves of the tombs of the period. A good example is pro-vided by those of the Song dynasty tomb at Huguan,Shanxi. The author of the essay anal-yzes all kinds of the related paintings or carvings of the Song dynasty,and inquires intotheir origin and evolution. According to his studies,the picture of filial children first ap-peared in the Eastern Han dynasty,and the twenty-four filial figures,in the late Tang andearly Song sutras. By consulting the Buddhist stories and grotto data,he identifies the Bud-dhist cultivation as a major influence on the emergence of the theme of twenty-four filialfigures,arguing that the Taoism,quite contrary to the hitherto belief,did not help much inworking out the theme. His comprehensive analysis of the pictures of filial figures shows that the themechanged obviously with time,which provides clues for the dating of pictures of filial figuresand tombs containing them,and help to designate similar painting or relief that will cometo light in future.