内蒙古赤峰宝山辽壁画墓发掘简报

Excavation of a Liao Dynasty Tombs Containing Mural Paintings at Baoshan ,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia

宝山又名“老头山”,位于赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗东沙布日台乡西南12.5公里,西与巴林左旗毗邻,东距宝山村1.5公里。在主峰阳坡有辽代夯筑茔墙,茔墙内分布大、中型辽墓10余座,早在50年代这里已被视为一处围有茔墙、规模壮观的契丹显贵墓地(图一)。 1993年冬,墓地中一座大型壁画墓被盗。该墓内部结构独特,装饰华丽,满绘壁画,并有“天赞二年”(923年)题记,这是迄今发现的纪年辽墓中最早的契丹贵族墓。

The cemetery is a large enclosed graveyard of the Khitan aristocracy. In 1994,archaeolo gists excavated two of the tombs containing mural paintings. One painting bears the ink inscription of 'the 2nd year of the Tianzan Reign'(923),the earliest date ever found in Liao dynasty tombs.Measuring 22. 5 m in length, Tomb 1 of a plan of a rectangle with rounded corners has a rectangular stone closet inside its chamber. All the walls of the chamber and the outside and inside walls of the closet are covered by mural paintings showing wooden buildings, figures, horses and so on. The figures are either in the Khitan or Han garment. One painting shows the scene of meeting of Emperor Wudi with Western Goddess. The emperor in loosen robe sits in a respectful posture while the attractive goddess and her attendants dressed gorgeously have just descended from clouds.Tomb 2 is similar to Tomb 1 in shape and structure. The painting in rich colors on the inside wall is reminiscent of the shinu genre,and even gold foils are found applied to the painting.The tombs with mural paintings at Baoshan was ranked among the Ten Major Archaeological Discoveries in 1994.