美国中东政策调整及对中东和平进程的影响

ADJUSTMENT OF THE US MIDDLE EAST POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS

美国中东政策调整及对中东和平进程的影响孙鲲近年来，美国开始调整其中东政策，中东在美国外交中的位置明显后移。海湾战争后，美国提出“东遏两伊、西促和谈”的中东政策是有其特定背景的。首先，美在冷战后把建立“中东新秩序”作为它领导的“世界新秩序”的试验样板。...

AbstractFollowing the Gulf War,the US set forth its Middle East policy of “containing Iran and Iraq in the east while promoting peace talks in the west”,thus basically establishing its dominant position in the Middle East area.In recent years,the US has started to adjust its policy in the Middle East,apparently withdrawing the position of the area in its foreign affairs;its considerations may be such as:firstly,the eastward expansion of NATO and the security of Asia Pacific has become the focus of focuses in US diplomacy; secondly,it wants to change the situation of over dependency on the Middle East oil,and to diversify the source of energy as the oil in Central Asia and Latin America is becoming very attractive;and thirdly,it believes that challenges posed by both Russia and Japan are not likely to shake its superior position in the Middle East.The US Middle East policy under adjustment mainly includes the following elements:One,to strengthen its military force in the Middle East and construct a new pattern of security;Two,some flexibility will be shown in its policy toward Iran and Iraq;Three,while continuing to promote peace talks it will prefer “gradualness”when facing difficulties,and its efforts will somewhat slow down,a significant manifestation of the declining position of the Middle East in US diplomacy.