非洲民族主义的历史由来和发展

HISTORICAL ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM

民族主义作为一种“要求维护本民族生存独立和发展的思想意识”和政治思潮，发轫于西欧“资本主义上升时期资产阶级反对封建割据，争取国家统一，实现民族自决的斗争”①。但是，非洲的情况有所不同。一般认为，在非洲民族主义运动兴起时，非洲的“民族”大多还处于形成过...

Abstract Since the 19th century when Africa was gradually reduced to the status of Western colonies,nationalist ideas opposing the colonial rule started to bud and emerge in Africa;there were significant development following the Second World War,and a relatively systemized and distinct political ideology and theory characterized by anti imperialism and anti colonialism for national independence came into being as represented by Kwame Nkrumah and others,pushing forward the successful development of national independence movement in Africa.Since the independence of African countries,African nationalism has found even more forms of expression and has become even richer in content.They mainly include:first,the political nationalism,which lays emphasis on smashing the ‘dominant machine’ of neo colonialism and establishing political structure suitable to African conditions;second, the economic nationalism,which calls for getting rid of control by the Western capital and for economic independence;third,the cultural nationalism,which advocates‘spiritual independence’and carrying forward the national culture;fourth,the trans boundary irredentism,which stands for revising the African boundaries artificially drawn by the colonialists and bringing about trans boundary (trans state) national unification;fifth,the doctrine of non alignment,which declares pursuance of foreign policy of positive neutralism and non alignment.Thus in most cases,African nationalim is still playing a positive role in African and international political arena.